One: the existing road management challenges

Under the bridge, on the slope, dangerous edge, data collection is time-consuming and laborious, and the risk is high;

It is difficult to deal with the accident, which is prone to large-scale congestion, and it is difficult for the accident handling vehicles to enter the scene; it is difficult for the rescue materials to be delivered to the rescue site; it is difficult to track the accident vehicles continuously at close range;

The inspection workload is large and the efficiency is low;

Poor conditions endanger personal safety. When encountering natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, blizzards, etc., ground traffic is completely paralyzed. If someone drives a plane or helicopter to enter, it will endanger people's personal safety.

The multi-place transportation bureau simultaneously started the prevention and control of road diseases and introduced the road maintenance policy. Pavement improvement has become a key project. Intelligent patrol system has become a new trend of highway patrol.

Two: the comparison of traditional manual inspection and machine inspection

The traditional manual line inspection method, through maintenance personnel holding instruments, driving bridge inspection vehicles, or visually inspecting road diseases, has a large workload, time-consuming and laborious, and low efficiency; collecting data under bridges, dangerous cliffs and other places may endanger personal safety.

The aerial survey inspection method collects road data through the diversified pods of drones, which is flexible and convenient to operate, low in cost, and has a wide monitoring range. It is widely used; however, the path planning of the drone in the tunnel and the smooth flight at the bottom of the bridge It is still two major problems.

Application Advantages of Aerial Survey Technology

Less input of manpower and material resources. The central control room can realize remote operation of the fleet, multiple load sensors and automatic data processing feedback, thereby saving human resources and vehicles.

More efficient operational capabilities. Each UAV can take off and land remotely, with a single flight mileage of 5-20km, saving the time for UAV return and personnel transfer. Through the regional overall inspection and complex road comprehensive inspection, the implementation efficiency increased by 30%.

Faster work response and more timely results feedback. As long as the weather conditions permit, you can execute the plan and start the task with one click. The results can be returned in a short time, and the real-time service mode of traffic patrol is realized.

Safer security system. Integration of a variety of advanced technologies, with meteorological monitoring, safety protection, condition monitoring, real-time communication and other functions, to meet the requirements of safety regulations.

The application of the new mode of UAV inspection improves the application data collection and inspection control of the whole life cycle of the road, greatly reduces the pressure of road traffic maintenance, and quickly ensures safe and stable operation.

To achieve "remote off-site, unmanned automation" of intensive work ideas.

Three: the application of aerial survey technology in the highway industry

In highway design, aerial survey technology can provide a variety of aerial data (video, orthophoto, airborne laser point cloud, three-dimensional real model, etc.) For highway design, it can be applied in engineering feasibility study, preliminary design, construction drawing design and BIM design stage.

In terms of construction supervision, the introduction of drones into road construction site management can not only save manpower, but also reduce the number of on-site personnel and improve supervision efficiency. At the same time, the UAV has also expanded the scope of human supervision, making the supervision work more detailed and comprehensive.

In terms of operation monitoring, the UAV can mount cameras, cameras, radar and other payloads, and can quickly and periodically patrol the road traffic operation status to obtain information such as road congestion, real-time road conditions, and operation trends.

In terms of emergency rescue, UAVs are used to deal with abnormal weather (such as rainy days, typhoons, etc.) Or sudden traffic accidents, such as rapid deployment, real-time response, emergency rescue, disaster/accident investigation, emergency rescue, on-site command, etc.

In terms of maintenance, the application of drones is still in its infancy. UAV patrol can be applied, and AI identification calculation can be carried out in combination with edge and cloud to automatically identify corresponding events/hidden dangers. The intelligent recognition of centimeter-level high-resolution patrol images can assist or partially replace manual patrol.

Four: the application of laser highway intelligent inspection

4.1. Technical route of road drone inspection

4.2. Basic geographic environment data collection.

UAVs are used for high-precision 3D modeling of road terrain and building scene areas along highways, such as slopes, bridges, toll stations, etc., Finally, lidar point cloud data, digital orthophoto map (DOM), digital elevation model (DEM), 3D model and other basic map data. It can be used for UAV close-range fixed patrol route planning and 2D 3D visualization display.

4.3. Vehicle LiDAR

The environment along the road is complex, and it is difficult for drones to patrol some areas. The vehicle-mounted integrated lidar and image acquisition system, which integrates lidar sensor, high-precision positioning module and image/video acquisition lens, is installed on the roof of SUV and patrols along the road. As an effective supplement to UAV patrol and manual patrol, it can provide three-dimensional and image data acquisition for road traffic facilities and surrounding urban environment, and record road space, equipment working status, vehicle driving status, road surface status and traffic three-dimensional structure status. Maintenance personnel can carry out high-precision three-dimensional positioning measurement of component points, and identify pavement diseases and locations on site.

4.4. Routing Plan

In view of the complex environment such as bridges, slopes, tunnels and mountains, the high-precision laser point cloud method is used to establish a three-dimensional model along the highway. By calibrating the patrol component, the spatial parameters of key features are extracted, and the semi-automatic generation of photo points and trajectories is realized. The UAV patrol route is generated, which greatly improves the efficiency and intelligence of road patrol, guides the UAV to fly according to the predetermined route, realizes high-precision flight accuracy based on RTK technology, avoids space obstacles, takes close-range shots, and meets the requirements of UAV patrol safety standards.

4.5. Using lidar to extract road features.

Based on the road three-dimensional laser point cloud data, the thematic map is drawn by extracting ground objects, and the road basic data is vectorized by automatic and semi-automatic operation mode, and the road digital dual base is constructed, which can realize high-precision map production, road component inventory, road exploration design and transformation, route planning and simulation, and help to improve the road information construction and management level.